How to read this chart

All 62 evaluation configurations are retained: 11 open-weight and 51 closed-weight results, representing 56 distinct model names. Scores and release dates come directly from Epoch’s underlying CSV, not estimated pixels.

A frontier result has no earlier-or-same-date result with an equal or higher mean score, except exact ties. Labels cover the overall frontier, the open-weight frontier, and the top three distinct open-weight score levels, including ties. Same-date, equal-score Astra configurations share a label.

Frontiers use reported means, not statistical significance. Error bars show ±1 standard error, not 95% confidence intervals. Results sharing coordinates overlap; inspect every configuration in the table.

What “open” means here

Open means publicly available model weights, using Epoch’s accessibility field with documented corrections for current availability. This is not a claim that training data, code, or licenses satisfy an open-source definition. Models without publicly available weights are classified as closed-weight.

GLM-5.3 is corrected to open weights. Its official model repository provides weights under the GLM-5.3 license. Epoch’s stale launch-time “API access” value is preserved separately in the table and downloads. The score remains 29.3%, tied with GLM-5.2; the earlier model retains the frontier position.

Kimi K3 is included. Epoch classifies its weights as non-commercial, but its note describes commercial-use thresholds requiring a separate agreement. It is better understood here as an open-weight model with license restrictions.

Dates describe model releases, not when evaluations were run. Accessibility reflects this snapshot and its documented corrections rather than a historical license reconstruction. Benchmark version: Tier 4 (v2), private set only.